See lowen on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "low",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "low + -en",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From low + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lowened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lowen (third-person singular simple present lowens, present participle lowening, simple past and past participle lowened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
120,
127
]
],
"ref": "1815, In the King's Bench, page 28:",
"text": "[…] and a wide ware or float can be put down in lieu thereof, of the same height as the said water gates or floats when lowened, and of the exact width and other dimensions as the present float at Wangford mill, and in the same manner as the float at Wangford mill; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"ref": "1894, David Simpson Graham, The New Werther, Or The Wealsman's Wrath, page 196:",
"text": "Must I be lowened from the clouds dazzling\nOlympus' heights unto the apex point\nWhich man nor scales, Joveward, save when we fill\nHis soul on wing with swiftly-thinning air,\nWherein gross mortal parts retard the rise?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
82
]
],
"ref": "1898, The Far East: An Exponent of Japanese Thoughts and Affairs, page 272:",
"text": "And in the morning it will be foul weather to-day; for the sky is red and lowening.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or become low."
],
"id": "en-lowen-en-verb-JdssEY2C",
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, ambitransitive) To make or become low."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-əʊɪn"
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cnx",
"3": "lowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish lowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "oco",
"3": "louen"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish louen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*llowen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *llowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*lowenos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *lowenos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "laouen"
},
"expansion": "Breton laouen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llawen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh llawen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Cornish lowen, from Old Cornish louen, from Proto-Brythonic *llowen, from Proto-Celtic *lowenos. Cognate with Breton laouen, Welsh llawen",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 11 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cheer",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "garma yn lowen"
},
{
"english": "congratulations",
"word": "keslowena"
},
{
"english": "congratulate",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "keslowenhe"
},
{
"english": "joy",
"word": "lowena"
},
{
"english": "enjoyment",
"word": "lowender"
},
{
"english": "cheerful",
"word": "lowenek"
},
{
"english": "rejoice",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "lowenhe"
},
{
"english": "Merry Christmas",
"word": "Nadelik lowen"
},
{
"english": "celebrate",
"word": "omlowenhe"
},
{
"english": "happy birthday",
"word": "penn-bloodh lowen"
},
{
"english": "delighted",
"word": "pur lowen"
},
{
"english": "happily",
"word": "yn lowen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"happy, glad"
],
"id": "en-lowen-kw-adj-n9kWReVv",
"links": [
[
"happy",
"happy"
],
[
"glad",
"glad"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːɐn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Late-Cornish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔwɛn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Middle-Cornish"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish singulatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 11 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "lice",
"word": "low"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singulative of low (“lice”)"
],
"id": "en-lowen-kw-noun-ivYpWOS9",
"links": [
[
"low",
"low#Cornish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"singulative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːɐn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Late-Cornish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔwɛn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Middle-Cornish"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "English: low",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: low"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "Scots: low",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlōwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hlōwan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "louen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "louwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lhouen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 11 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Lows after calving a cow",
"roman": "Lhouth after calve cu",
"text": "c. 1250, Anonymous, \"Cuckoo Song\" (as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to low (moo), to bawl"
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-gJasMQD8",
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"bawl",
"bawl"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 11 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-4fNY51cd",
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rth",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ratahan",
"lang_code": "rth",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ratahan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"big, large"
],
"id": "en-lowen-rth-adj-zS7rhlBR",
"links": [
[
"big",
"big#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cornish adjectives",
"Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"Cornish lemmas",
"Cornish non-lemma forms",
"Cornish noun forms",
"Cornish singulatives",
"Cornish terms derived from Middle Cornish",
"Cornish terms derived from Old Cornish",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Cornish terms inherited from Middle Cornish",
"Cornish terms inherited from Old Cornish",
"Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cheer",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "garma yn lowen"
},
{
"english": "congratulations",
"word": "keslowena"
},
{
"english": "congratulate",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "keslowenhe"
},
{
"english": "joy",
"word": "lowena"
},
{
"english": "enjoyment",
"word": "lowender"
},
{
"english": "cheerful",
"word": "lowenek"
},
{
"english": "rejoice",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "lowenhe"
},
{
"english": "Merry Christmas",
"word": "Nadelik lowen"
},
{
"english": "celebrate",
"word": "omlowenhe"
},
{
"english": "happy birthday",
"word": "penn-bloodh lowen"
},
{
"english": "delighted",
"word": "pur lowen"
},
{
"english": "happily",
"word": "yn lowen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cnx",
"3": "lowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish lowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "oco",
"3": "louen"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish louen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*llowen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *llowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*lowenos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *lowenos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "laouen"
},
"expansion": "Breton laouen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llawen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh llawen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Cornish lowen, from Old Cornish louen, from Proto-Brythonic *llowen, from Proto-Celtic *lowenos. Cognate with Breton laouen, Welsh llawen",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"happy, glad"
],
"links": [
[
"happy",
"happy"
],
[
"glad",
"glad"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːɐn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Late-Cornish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔwɛn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Middle-Cornish"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
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"Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"Cornish non-lemma forms",
"Cornish noun forms",
"Cornish singulatives",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "lice",
"word": "low"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singulative of low (“lice”)"
],
"links": [
[
"low",
"low#Cornish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"singulative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːɐn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Late-Cornish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔwɛn]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Middle-Cornish"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "low",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "low + -en",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From low + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lowened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lowen (third-person singular simple present lowens, present participle lowening, simple past and past participle lowened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/əʊɪn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊɪn/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
120,
127
]
],
"ref": "1815, In the King's Bench, page 28:",
"text": "[…] and a wide ware or float can be put down in lieu thereof, of the same height as the said water gates or floats when lowened, and of the exact width and other dimensions as the present float at Wangford mill, and in the same manner as the float at Wangford mill; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"ref": "1894, David Simpson Graham, The New Werther, Or The Wealsman's Wrath, page 196:",
"text": "Must I be lowened from the clouds dazzling\nOlympus' heights unto the apex point\nWhich man nor scales, Joveward, save when we fill\nHis soul on wing with swiftly-thinning air,\nWherein gross mortal parts retard the rise?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
82
]
],
"ref": "1898, The Far East: An Exponent of Japanese Thoughts and Affairs, page 272:",
"text": "And in the morning it will be foul weather to-day; for the sky is red and lowening.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or become low."
],
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, ambitransitive) To make or become low."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-əʊɪn"
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "English: low",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: low"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "Scots: low",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlōwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hlōwan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "louen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "louwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lhouen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Lows after calving a cow",
"roman": "Lhouth after calve cu",
"text": "c. 1250, Anonymous, \"Cuckoo Song\" (as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to low (moo), to bawl"
],
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"bawl",
"bawl"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rth",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ratahan",
"lang_code": "rth",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ratahan adjectives",
"Ratahan entries with incorrect language header",
"Ratahan lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"big, large"
],
"links": [
[
"big",
"big#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lowen meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.